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Books : Science : Chemistry : Solutions & Colloids
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This work aims to familiarize students with the fundamentals of colloid and surface science, from various types of colloids and colloidal phenomena, and classical and modern characterization/measurement techniques to applications of colloids and surface science in engineering, technology, chemistry, physics and biological and medical sciences. The Journal of Textile Studies proclaims "High praise from peers . . .contains valuable information on many topics of interest to food rheologists and polymer scientists …[The book] should be in the libraries of academic and industrial food research organizations" and Chromatographia describes the book as "…an excellent textbook, excellently organised, clearly written and well laid out."
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Defying the classical definitions of solids and liquids, complex fluids include polymers, colloids, emulsions, foams, gels, liquid crystals, surfactants, and other materials that form flowable microstructures. They are vital to industries that produce polymers (e.g., plastic packaging), colloids (paint), foods (ketchup), and consumer products (toothpaste and shampoo), and are also used in countless other products manufactured by the petroleum, microelectronics, and pharmaceutical industries.
The first advanced textbook on this subject, The Structure and Rheology of Complex Fluids provides a multidisciplinary and comprehensive introduction to these fascinating and important substances. It offers an up-to-date synopsis of the relationship between the microstructure of complex fluids and their mechanical and flow properties, and also emphasizes the similarities and differences among the various types of complex fluids. Easy to read, it includes over 350 illustrations, extensive literature citations, and many interesting problems, worked examples, and practical applications. Featuring coverage of both foundational material and special topics, this text is highly adaptable for use in a one- or two-semester graduate-level course in chemical engineering, materials science, or physics. It also serves as a valuable monograph for academic and industrial researchers and as a reference book for researchers and educators.
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This book is devoted to a simple practical approach to neutron, X-ray and light scattering experiments, involving model calculation of the scattering and mathematical transformation. It is intended to attract colloid and polymer scientists using scattering methods in their laboratory or at common research facilities. The primary objective is to explain the current methodology of elastic and quasi-elastic scattering techniques (avoiding both under and over-exploitation of data) rather than a general course on colloids and polymers. Basic information on data interpretation, on the complementarity of the different types of radiation, as well as information on recent applications and developments are presented.
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This is a completely revised, reorganised, and updated second edition of the classic textbook on colloid science, provided for the first time in a single volume.
Colloid science is the study of systems involving small particles of one substance suspended in another. Suspensions of liquids form the basis of a wide variety of systems of scientific and technological importance including paints, inks, ceramics, cosmetics, soils, biological cells, and many food preparations. Although concentrating on systems involving suspensions of solids in water, the development here is made in terms which can be readily extended to the other less frequently encountered systems.
The book explains the principles of colloid science, and provides a clear account of the fundamental physical and chemical concepts on which our understanding of colloidal systems depends. The accent is on making the theories accessible by providing all necessary development.
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This new edition provides students and professionals with a comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of colloid science theory, methods, and applications. Emphasizing the molecular interactions that determine the properties of colloidal systems, the authors provide an authoritative account of critical developments in colloid science that have occurred over the past several decades.
Combining all of the best features of a professional reference and a student text, the Second Edition features:
* Concept maps preceding each chapter that put subject matter into perspective.
* Numerous worked examples - many new to this edition - illustrating key concepts.
* More than 250 high-quality illustrations that help clarify processes described.
* A new chapter that integrates the development of colloid science and technology in the twentieth century with challenges facing the field today.
The Colloidal Domain, Second Edition is an indispensable professional resource for chemists and chemical engineers working in an array of industries, including petrochemicals, food, agricultural, ceramic, coatings, forestry, and paper products. It is also a superb educational tool for advanced undergraduate and graduate-level students of physical chemistry and chemical engineering.
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Sol-Gel processing methods, first used historically for decorative and constructional materials, were extensively developed in the last century for applications such as glasses, ceramics, catalysts, coatings, composites and fibres. Today they are reaching their full potential, enabling the preparation of new generations of advanced materials not easily accessible by other methods yet using mild, low-energy conditions. The topic is therefore increasingly included in advanced undergraduate, MSc and PhD programmes in the areas of chemistry, physics and materials science. This concise introductory text, written at the advanced undergraduate/first-year postgraduate level, is also suitable as an introduction to the development, mechanisms, chemistry, characterisation methods and applications of the technique. It provides readers with an extensive yet concise grounding in the theory of each area of the subject and details the real and potential applications and the future prospects of sol-gel chemistry.
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This unique reference details current research on the formation and stabilities of metal complexes, chelates, macrocyclic complexes, and cryptates in aqueous solutions. Chapters thoroughly describe the principles of ligand design and their application to a wide variety of metal ions. In addition, the text examines medicinal and biochemical applications of metal complexes. This work will make an invaluable supplementary text for advanced inorganic chemistry courses.
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Foams, whether on a glass of beer or formed from solid metal, raise challenging questions for the physicist and have been the subject of substantial research in recent years. This introduction to the physics of foams describes a number of experiments, computer simulations, and theories. It adopts an authoritative yet informal style, making ample use of illustrations and photographs and emphasizes liquids while describing some recent work on solid foams. It uses simple, idealized models to discuss a range of topics, including structure, drainage, rheology, conductivity and coarsening. It requires a minimum of mathematics and is careful to present the theory and experiment together at every stage.
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The emphasis of this book is on new advances in polymer gels, particularly with biomedical applications in mind. At the same time, current progress in synthesis, characterization, and physicochemical characterization and properties are highlighted. Section I deals with the fundamentals of the static and dynamic properties of polymer networks and gels. Section II is devoted to the applications of gels to medicine and biology, particularly the use of the gel medium for controlled drug delivery and encapsulation of proteins and enzymes. Section III covers the synthesis and characterization of novel polymeric networks and gels such as hydrogels, cyanogels, and gels of amphiphilic block copolymers. Section IV discusses visco-elastic properties of gels and cross-linked networks, interactions between physical and chemical gels, gel formation and interactions with vesicles, and photo-responsive rheological behavior.
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Ideal for courses in aerosol science or particle technology, Smoke, Dust, and Haze: Fundamentals of Aerosol Dynamics, 2/e, is the only modern text that focuses on aerosol dynamics--the study of the factors that determine changes in the distribution of aerosol properties with respect to particle size. It covers fundamental concepts, experimental methods, and a wide variety of applications. Using the aerosol dynamics approach, the author integrates a broad range of topics including stochastic processes, aerosol transport theory, coagulation, formation of agglomerates, classical nucleation theory, and the synthesis of ultrafine solid particles. The book makes extensive use of scaling concepts and dimensional analysis and emphasizes physical and physicochemical interpretations. Basic concepts are illustrated by applications to many fields including air pollution control, the atmospheric sciences, microcontamination in the semiconductor industry, and the industrial manufacture of powders, pigments, additives, and nanoparticles.
Revised and expanded, this second edition features new chapters on the kinetics of agglomeration of noncoalescing particles and the fundamentals of aerosol reactor design. It covers the effects of turbulence on coagulation and gas-to-particle conversion and also discusses the formation of primary particles by the collision-coalescence mechanism. The chapter on the atmospheric aerosol has been completely rewritten within the aerosol dynamics framework. Its basic approach and topicality make Smoke, Dust, and Haze: Fundamentals of Aerosol Dynamics, 2/e, an essential guide for both students and researchers.
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Authored by the father of the concept, Hansen Solubility Parameters provides new tables of previously unpublished correlations and parameters. The author illuminates his text with practical examples related to coatings, biological systems, pigments, and fibers, and takes a general approach that makes this reference ideal for predicting compatibility, adsorption on surfaces, orientation toward materials of similar affinities (self-assembly), and other phenomena associated with solubility and affinity.
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This book represents a detailed and systematic account of the basic principles, developments and applications of the theory of nucleation.
The formation of new phases begins with the process of nucleation and is, therefore, a widely spread phenomenon in both nature and technology. Condensation and evaporation, crystal growth, electrodeposition, melt crystallization, growth of thin films for microelectronics, volcano eruption and formation of particulate matter in space are only a few of the processes in which nucleation plays a prominent role.
The book has four parts, which are devoted to the thermodynamics of nucleation, the kinetics of nucleation, the effect of various factors on nucleation and the application of the theory to other processes, which involve nucleation. The first two parts describe in detail the two basic approaches in nucleation theory - the thermodynamic and the kinetic ones. They contain derivations of the basic and most important formulae of the theory and discuss their limitations and possibilities for improvement. The third part deals with some of the factors that can affect nucleation and is a natural continuation of the first two chapters. The last part is devoted to the application of the theory to processes of practical importance such as melt crystallization and polymorphic transformation, crystal growth and growth of thin solid films, size distribution of droplets and crystallites in condensation and crystallization. The book is not just an account of the status quo in nucleation theory - throughout the book there are a number of new results as well as extensions and generalisations of existing ones.
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Discussing specific depositions of a wide range of semiconductors and properties of the resulting films, Chemical Solution Deposition of Semiconductor Films examines the processes involved and explains the effect of various process parameters on final film and film deposition outcomes through the use of detailed examples. Supplying experimental results and practical examples, the book covers fundamental scientific principles underlying the chemical deposition process, various mechanisms involved in deposition, films of all the semiconductors deposited by this technique, and the use of semiconductor films in photovoltaics, photoelectrochemical properties, and size quantization effects.
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Many industrial formulations such as detergents, paints, foodstuff and cosmetics contain both surfactants and polymers and their interaction govern many of the properties. This book is unique in that it discusses the solution chemistry of both surfactants and polymers and also the interactions between the two. The book, which is based on successful courses given by the authors since 1992, is a revised and extended version of the first edition that became a market success with six reprints since 1998. Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solution is broad in scope, providing both theoretical insights and practical help for those active in the area.
This book contains a thorough discussion of surfactant types and gives information of main routes of preparation. A chapter on novel surfactants has been included in the new edition. Physicochemical phenomena such as self-assembly in solution, adsorption, gel formation and foaming are discussed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the solution behaviour of surfactants and polymers containing polyoxyethylene chains. Surface active polymers are presented and their interaction with surfactants is a core topic of the book. Protein-surfactant interaction is also important and a new chapter deals with this issue. Microemulsions are treated in depth and several important application such as detergency and their use as media for chemical reactions are presented. Emulsions and the choice of emulsifier is discussed in some detail. The new edition also contains chapters on rheology and wetting.
Surfactants and Polymers in Aqueous Solution is aimed at those dealing with surface chemistry research at universities and with surfactant formulation in industry.
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This book emphasises those features in solution chemistry which are difficult to measure, but essential for the understanding of both the qualitative and the quantitative aspects. Attention is paid to the mutual influences between solute and solvent, even at extremely small concentrations of the former. The described extension of the molecular concept leads to a broad view - not by a change in paradigm - but by finding the rules for the organizations both at the molecular and the supermolecular level of liquid and solid solutions.
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Chemical Kinetics The Study of Reaction Rates in Solution Kenneth A. Connors This chemical kinetics book blends physical theory, phenomenology and empiricism to provide a guide to the experimental practice and interpretation of reaction kinetics in solution. It is suitable for courses in chemical kinetics at the graduate and advanced undergraduate levels. This book will appeal to students in physical organic chemistry, physical inorganic chemistry, biophysical chemistry, biochemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and water chemistry--all fields concerned with the rates of chemical reactions in the solution phase.
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Throughout the world there are sites contaminated with chlorinated compounds such as perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, pentachlorophenol, chlorinated benzenes, and various pesticide/herbicide compounds. Not only do these compounds carry health risks, but they also are challenging and often expensive to treat in the field. However, progress is being made, and this volume brings together the most up-to- date laboratory findings and the latest full-scale results from bioremediation efforts at actual field sites. Engineering approaches discussed included biobarriers, cometabolism, bioaugmentation, in situ oxidation, Fenton's Reagent, in situ bioremediation, and more. This book one of eight-volumes from the Fifth International In Situ and On-Site Bioremediation Symposium held in San Diego, April 1999.
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This text introduces a special class of polymeric ligand exchanger (PLE) with high affinities for anionic ligands. Volume 14 discusses the potential and advantages of micro- and nanofiltration membrane processes for removal of metals; details prevailing equilibrium relationships and supporting experimental data for systems where leaching and ion exchange take place simultaneously; covers cases of uranium cation and gold cyanide anion bisorption and modelling of engineered systems.