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Books : Computers & Internet : Networking : Internet, Groupware, & Telecommunications
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Wireless Technology Basics explains the fundamentals of wireless technology and terminology. This includes how the radio frequency spectrum is divided, the basics of radio frequency transmission and modulation, antennas and radio networks. This book explains how the radio spectrum is divided into frequency bands and why specific frequency ranges are assigned to specific types of devices. Discussed are the differences between analog and digital signal types and how they are used by radio devices. You will learn about the key modulation types including amplitude (AM), frequency (FM), and phase (PM) modulation. Discussed are physical and logical channels and how a single physical channel may have many logical channels. Access technologies are described including frequency division (FDMA), time division, (TDMA), and code division (CDMA) are showing how access technologies allow radio bandwidth to be shared so many users can share a limited amount of frequency bands and communication channels. Included are the basics of how analog and digital signal processing including filtering, digital signal processing, and speech coding. Covered are antenna and radio transmission fundamentals. Also included is a brief description of wireless network equipment such as base stations and switching systems.
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This "Introduction to IP Telephony" book explains why companies are converting some or all of their telephone systems from dedicated telephone systems (such as PBX) to more standard IP telephony systems. These conversions allow for telephone bill cost reduction, increased ability to control telephone services, and the addition of new telephone information services. By upgrading their systems, companies can immediately reduce their telecommunication costs 40% to 70%. Because IP telephony systems allow the end user and system administrators to setup and disconnect telephone numbers and services, this provides increased control over their telephone features and services. IP telephony is usually based on standard data formats (Internet Protocol). This permits information systems (such as product catalog information) to be more easily linked to the telephone system, thus providing the ability for companies to increase sales through interactive telephone and Internet order processing systems. You will learn that not all voice over data IP telephony systems and services are the same. There are cost and quality tradeoffs along with common problem areas and risks. There are many ways these systems can reduce telecommunication costs along with the ability to create new revenue producing services. You will understand how you can get better than telephone toll quality audio, how to maintain or increase system reliability, and new ways to use intelligent telephone systems to increase company revenues. You will learn how employees can keep their phone numbers and existing equipment (using adapters) and call anywhere in the world using IP telephony services. Discover how you can get one (or several) international telephone numbers so your customers can use a local telephone number to call you when you are in another country. You will learn how voice over data telephone service usually allows you to setup new telephone services instantly, display your accounting records and bills in real time, and allow you to integrate information systems (such as sales systems) with your telephone networks. This book explains the basics of how voice over data telephone service works. This includes how the different ways that voice signals can be converted to data signals (not all of them are the same) and how the conversion process can affect your voice quality. Discussed are the basic processes of sending packets through a data network (such as the Internet) and how the losses of packets (and some do get lost) do not usually affect the voice quality. You will be introduced to the different types of voice over data communication systems that are used for company communication networks. This includes public Internet telephone services providers (ITSPs), IP Centrex service providers, and IP private branch exchange (iPBX) systems. Also covered are the functional types of IP telephony network equipment such as gateways that are used in voice over data network and some key issues to consider when deploying VoIP systems. This will help you to understand the different types of servers including proxy servers, redirect servers, access control, provisioning, and policy servers. You will learn about telephone number portability. Next you will learn about the quality of service (QoS), security, and reliability you can expect from voice over data telephone systems and services. Find out how you can get guaranteed toll quality service with some voice over data telephone systems and why you may experience echoes and audio distortion on others. Learn about how secure your connections are and the different forms of security including the control of physical access, authentication checks, and data encryption. Understand how to maximize the reliability of your calls by understanding the reliability of different parts of the network. Finally, you will discover some of the advanced features and services that are possible with Internet telephone service that is not possible with most traditional telephone systems. This includes unified messaging, ways to connect telephone extension anywhere in the world, how you can setup one (or many) global telephone numbers that will ring to your IP telephone without international charges. Learn how voice over data telephone service allows you to share notes, pictures, and files using a whiteboard while you are talking for interactive web seminars (Webinars). If you are considering converting some of your telephone systems and services be able to use IP telephony services or you just want to know more about the options and advantages of IP telephony services, this is book is a great introduction.
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This book explains why people and companies are using SIP based IP Telephony equipment and software to efficiently upgrade existing telephone systems, develop their own advanced communications services, and to more easily integrate telephone network with company information systems. SIP technology is a well-established standardized communication protocol that has many low cost devices and software application development tools available. The use of SIP product and software allows companies to cost-effectively upgrade and eventually replace existing (legacy) telephone systems with more cost effective and easy to use telephone equipment. Because SIP is a standardized protocol, this allows end-users and system administrators to have more control and even develop communication services (such as smart voice mail) that have been traditionally been unchangeable and limited. SIP is a text-based protocol (similar to web HTML) and this allows for relatively easy development and integration with existing company information systems to produce new revenue producing services (such as integrating telephone and order processing systems). Although SIP is an industry standard, not all SIP systems and services are the same. There are cost and quality tradeoffs along with common problem areas and risks. There are many ways SIP systems can reduce telecommunication costs along with the ability to create new revenue producing services. This book will help you to understand what SIP is, how it operates, what services it can provide, and your company can benefit from implementing SIP. Some of the most important topics featured are: - Descriptions of the function parts of SIP systems - Fundamentals of how SIP works - What key services are possible through the use of SIP - How existing phone systems can be upgraded to SIP capabilities - Why it is easy to integrate SIP with information systems - How to develop new advanced revenue producing services - The basic SIP system development process - How to manage SIP systems - Typical costs of SIP systems - How SIP is changing
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This INFORM Report analyzes the environmental problems created by cell phones, which also apply to other wireless electronic devices, such as personal digital assistants, portable e-mail devices, pagers, pocket PCs, and MP3 music players. All are made of similar materials and present problems with respect to the waste they generate. Wireless waste poses particularly acute problems when these small devices are sent to landfills or incinerators, where the release of the many toxic materials they contain creates threats to human health and the environment.INFORM, Inc. is an independent research organization that examines the effects of business practices on the environment and on human health. Our goal is to identify ways of doing business that ensure environmentally sustainable economic growth. Our reports are used by government, industry, and environmental leaders around the world. We have earned a reputation for thorough, accurate analysis and clear, solution-oriented reporting.
Extended Producer Responsibility. For over a decade, INFORM has been a leader in the study of closed-loop materials systems and the practical application of extended producer responsibility (EPR), a policy approach designed to encourage environmentally preferable product redesign by holding manufacturers responsible for their products at end of life. INFORM has published over 100 reports, including five studies on extended producer responsibility and more than a dozen manuals for businesses, policy makers, schools, and communities on strategies for preventing wastes at their source.
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This book explains the different types of mobile telephone technologies and systems from 1st generation analog to 3rd generation digital broadband. It describes the basics of how they operate, the different types of wireless voice, data and information services, key commercial systems, and typical revenues/costs of these services. Mobile telephone technologies, systems, and services have dramatically changed over the past 2 years. New technology capabilities and limited restrictions (deregulation) are allowing existing systems to offer new services. Many of these new services compete with other types of wireless systems that have not experienced significant competition. While new competition has provided lower cost services for consumers, it means a rapidly changing marketplace for the wireless industry. Some of these changes include the increase in mobile telephone customers from 300 million to 1.3 billion customers within 5 years and the shift of focus from adding new voice customers to providing advanced services such as data transfer, web browsing, and software downloads. The types of services that mobile telephone systems can offer vary depending on the technologies, devices, and the services selected by customers. This book discusses the different types of systems including 1st, 2nd, 2.5, and third generation wireless (3G). Some of the most important topics featured are: - Simple descriptions and diagrams of analog and digital mobile telephone systems - The key types of wireless services and which types of mobile telephone systems can offer them - The approximate usage fees for mobile telephone services - The market numbers and trends for mobile subscribers - How each mobile telephone system continues to change to offer new services and better compete against other mobile telephone technologies. - What are the key applications driving the mobile telephone market growth. - What are the next steps in mobile telephone systems such as 4G
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Public telephone networks are unrestricted dialing telephone networks that are available for public use to interconnect communications devices. This excerpted chapter from Telecom Made Simple provides an overview of public telephone networks including local loop, switching and digital services, competitive access providers (CAPs), and trends in the public telephone industry. There are also descriptions of many related topics, including: Local loops, switching systems, numbering plans, market growth, public telephone system interconnections, common channel signaling (SS7), advanced intelligent networks (AIN), plain old telephone service (POTS), integrated digital services network (ISDN), digital subscriber line (DSL), digital loop carrier (DLC), passive optical network (PON), and public services. Future enhancements such as high-speed multimedia services, packetized voice, fiber distribution networks, and soft switches are included.
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Billing and customer care systems convert the bits and bytes of digital information within a network into the money that will be received by the service provider. To accomplish this, these systems provide account activation and tracking, service feature selection, selection of billing rates for specific calls, invoice creation, payment entry and management of communication with the customer. This chapter excerpted from Telecom Made Simple provides the fundamentals for billing and customer service systems. The topics that are explained include: types of services, standard billing processes, real time billing, multilingual support, multiple currencies, inter-carrier settlements, event sources and tracking, mediation devices, call detail records (CDRs), call processing, cycle billing, clearinghouse, invoicing, management reporting, processing payments, and posting to the financial system. Also included are the fundamentals of Customer Relationship Management (CRM), account activation, account management, billing system costs, call center, collections, exchange message record (EMR), automatic message accounting (AMA), carrier inter-exchange billing exchange record (CIBER), transferred accounting process (TAP), network data management-usage (NDM-U), interim standard 124 (IS-124), applications service providers (ASPs), local number portability (LNP), and customer self-care.
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In 2003, the satellite industry was a high-growth business that achieved over $83 billion in annual revenue. This book offers an introduction to existing and soon to be released satellite communication technologies and services. It covers how satellite systems are changing, growth in key satellite markets, key technologies that are used in satellite systems, commercial satellite systems, and provides information on the leading services and their costs for satellite communication. Each type of satellite system and its technologies have unique advantages and limitations, which offer important economic and technical choices for managers, salespeople, technicians, and others involved with satellite equipment and systems. This Introduction to Satellites book provides a basic understanding of the major satellite systems, technologies, issues, and options available. This book explains the different types of satellite communication systems and technologies. Covered are the basic types of satellite systems including GEO, MEO, LEO, and elliptical orbit satellites. Described are public and private satellite systems including DBS, DSS, and very small aperture terminals (VSAT) along with the important characteristics of these satellite systems.
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This book explains the typical objectives and processes that are involved in the creation and response to request for proposals (RFPs) for IP Telephony systems and services. It covers the key objectives for the RFP process, who is involved in the creation and management of the RFP, and how vendors are invited, evaluated, and notified of the RFP vendor selection result. You will learn what are RFPs and RFQs and why and when companies use and RFPs for IP Telephony Systems. Covered are the key objectives that RFP must satisfy along with the general creation processes used by most companies to create and manage the RFP process. Companies usually involve multiple departments in the creation of the RFP process to identify communication requirements for the entire company. You will discover who is involved in the Creation of an RFP and the typical steps performed during the creation of the RFP document. Explained are the methods used to issue and manage RFPs including how and when companies typically communicate questions and how clarifications are sent to vendors when new options, objectives, or features are discovered in the RFP response process. Also included is sample outline of a typical RFP.
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This book covers the basics of private land mobile radio systems including traditional dispatch, analog trunked radio, logic trunked radio (LTR), and advanced digital land mobile radio systems. Covered are the basics of LMR including simplex, half-duplex, and full duplex operation. The different types of squelch systems are covered including carrier controlled squelch, tone controlled squelch, and digital squelch. The basics of analog and digital trunked radio systems is provided along with how and why analog trunked radio systems are converting to digital trunked radio systems. The leading LMR industry standards including APCO, EDACS, MPT1327, iDEN, and Tetra are described along with simple diagrams to explain their operation. You will learn the key types of services that LMR systems can offer and the key applications that are driving the growth of the LMR industry. Included is a how LMR systems are still changing to offer new services.
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This book explains how and why people and companies are using IP television and Internet television services. You will discover how global television services are already available through the Internet and how you can use standard television to watch global television channels using analog television adapter boxes. The fundamentals of how IP Television works is provided. You will discover how IP television can be watched on different types of viewing devices such as standard televisions with adapters, dedicated IP televisions, multimedia computers and mobile telephones. IP television service allows viewers to have more control of Internet television services. This control ranges from instant service activation to real time television on demand controls. Some of the advanced Internet television features such as personal media channels, anywhere television extensions, global television channels and multimedia programs are described. In addition to the traditional ways of television channel selection, you will learn about new ways television channels can be search and selected using interactive electronic programming guides (EPGs). The different types of media formats that are used for IP television services are explained along with their control protocols. Not all IP Television systems and services are the same. There are cost and quality tradeoffs along with common problem areas and risks. You will discover how the audio and video service quality can range from poor to above the quality that is already delivered to standard TV. Because each IP television viewer has a unique address, this allows advertising messages to be sent to specific viewers (addressable advertising). The ability to direct advertising messages to specific target audiences (addressable advertising) is more valuable to companies than traditional broadcast advertising and this may result in reduced viewing costs.
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Cable television (CATV) is a video and data distribution system that uses a network of cables to deliver multiple video, data, and audio communication channels. This excerpted chapter from Introduction to Telecom Systems provides an overview of cable television systems including cable modems, digital television, high definition television (HDTV), and the market growth of cable television and advanced services such as video on demand. Some of the topics described include: broadcast television, cable television, cable converters, distribution network, head-end, market growth, analog video, digital video, signal scrambling, National Television Standards Committee (NTSC), Phase Alternating Line (PAL), Sequential Couleur Avec Memoire (SECAM), Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) Compression, Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS), and Pay per View (PPV). Future enhancements such as wireless cable, cable telephony, and interactive television are also included.
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Transmission systems interconnect communication devices by guiding signal energy in a particular direction or directions through a transmission medium such as copper, air, or glass. This chapter excerpted from Introduction to Telecom Systems describes the types of transmission systems used in modern telecommunications networks. This includes multiplexed signals on twisted wire pairs, coax cable, fiberoptic cable and radio. Several technical aspects of transmission systems are covered including: analog transmission, digital transmission, and transmission medium limitations. Many facets of Transmission Systems are also explained, including: plain old telephone service (POTS), digital signal level (DSx), integrated services digital network (ISDN), digital subscriber line (DSL), optical carrier (OCx), ISDN digital subscriber line (IDSL), integrated digital loop carrier (IDLC), in-band signaling, out-of-band signaling, virtual circuits, and repeaters.
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Wireless networks provide mobile telephony, radio broadcast, and television services. Because wireless communication systems transport information, the types of services these systems offer vary depending on the application. This excerpted chapter from Introduction to Telecom Systems describes the different types wireless telephone systems and their evolution. It discusses the basic operations, attributes, and services of cellular, paging, wireless data, satellite and cordless telephone systems. Some of the topics that are covered include: Licensing, frequency allocation charting, RF channels, bandwidth, fixed wireless, radios, radio towers and transmitter equipment, switching facilities, customer databases, system security, market growth, digital modulation, and access multiplexing. Also included is information on Cellular and Personal Communication Services (PCS), broadcast television, paging, wireless data, Land Mobile Radio (LMR), aircraft telephones, satellite, wireless PBX, residential cordless, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), wireless piconets, wireless cable, Wireless Local Loops (WLL), mobile voice, and Third Generation Wireless (3G).
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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a high-speed packet switching network technology industry standard. ATM networks have been deployed because they offer the ability to transport voice, data, and video signals over a single system. The flexibility that ATM offers incorporates both circuit and packet switching techniques into one technology, creating a variable transport network solution with simple network processing functions. ATM Basics provides an understanding of how the systems operate and the applications that use ATM systems. ATM has become the world standard that is used to interconnect telephone and data networks. This book covers the operation of ATM systems and it explains how ATM packet switching is much faster than other types of packet switching technologies. You will learn that ATM standards include ATM adaptation layers (AAL) that define how to connect ATM systems to other types of communications networks such as voice and IP networks. Explained are the processes that are used to monitor and control different levels of quality of service (QoS). You will discover that ATM packets can be sent over a many types of physical links including wireless, optical, coax, and copper lines. ATM provides for different services including CBR, VBR, and ABR. ATM services provide key applications including PVCs, SVCs, VDT, LANE, and IP. If you are involved in telephone networks, computer networks, cable television networks, wireless networks or other telecommunications systems and equipment, ATM is almost certainly part of your system and you need to understand how it works and what it can do. Some of the most important topics featured are: ( Understand why ATM has become the world standard used to interconnect telephone and data networks ( The operation of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) systems ( Ways ATM interconnects to other technologies such as Frame Relay ( Ways that ATM packets are transmitted over physical links ( The Quality of Service (QoS) features used in ATM systems. ( Why ATM can be used efficiently for voice, data and video services. ( How signaling and switching is performed in ATM networks. ( ATM services such CBR, VBR, and ABR ( Learn about key applications such as PVCs, SVCs, IMA, LANE and IP over ATM. ( ATM terminology and industry standards
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Strategic Patent Planning for Software Companies looks at the current patent and licensing strategies used by successful companies that develop and market software. This book discusses the current status of international patent protection as regards computer-implemented inventions (CII), explains why copyright is inadequate, and describes how patents are being used by Microsoft and the Apache Software Foundation to support a wide range of business objectives. Over the past decade extensions in the scope of patent protection to include computer-implemented inventions have generated controversy, concern, and a great deal of hyperbole. In Europe the debate over “software patents” has been bitter and rancorous. Presently the directive to harmonize European patent law with EPO practice faces an uncertain future. In the United States and Japan, however, the debate over software patents has long been over and the influence of software patents in these countries is already being felt. The $521 million which Microsoft was recently ordered to pay to tiny Eolas by a US Federal Court was one of the largest verdicts for patent infringement damages ever. In the United States this is noteworthy so I will repeat it: one of the largest damage amounts for patent infringement ever awarded in the US was the result of a single software patent. While the validity of the Eolas patent is being challenged at the US Patent and Trademark Office Microsoft remains busy defending itself against 30 or so other patent infringement lawsuits. The problems are not limited to Microsoft. Patent holders such as Acacia Research, with a portfolio of patents on digital streaming have pressed claims against a wide range of web site operators and hosts. InterTrust (now jointly owned by Sony and Philips) with an impressive portfolio of patents on Digital Rights Management (DRM) are in a position to substantially influence future web services. Every week, new patents emerge and new licensing agreements, or lawsuits, are announced. Real politik demands that software companies no longer ignore the threats- or the opportunities- provided by patents, but rather deal with them in a systematic and systemic manner. The business approach of this book is highlighted by a comprehensive listing of strategic business objectives which patents can be used to support. Patents despite their dusty back-room reputation are uniquely versatile business tools. Examining the patent strategies employed by others is a good way of learning to understand the needs of your own company and how you too can use patents to gain and maintain competitive advantages. Thus the bulk of this document looks at two opposite ends of the software patent spectrum by examining the patent strategies of Microsoft Corporation and the Apache Software Foundation. Included are discussions and observations regarding Microsoft’s recently announced FAT and Office Schema licensing programs. There is also a surprising result from the comparison of Microsoft’s XML patent license and the recently updated Apache software license. For small developers, free software may cost them more than they think.
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Introduction to CDMA explains the fundamental components, basic operation, services, and terminology used for IS-95 code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. This book explains the basic components, technologies used, and operation of IS-95 CDMA systems. You will discover why mobile telephone service providers have upgraded from 1st generation analog systems to more efficient and feature rich 2nd generation systems. You will also discover how 2nd generation systems are gradually evolving into 3rd generation broadband multimedia systems. This book starts with the system components and basic services that the IS-95 CDMA system can provide. You will learn that the key types of CDMA devices include external radio modems, wireless PCMCIA cards, embedded radio modules, single mode and dual mode mobile telephones. You will then discover the different types of available services such as multiple types of voice services, data services, messaging services, and position location services. Explained are the physical and logical radio channel structures of the CDMA systems along with the basic frame and slot structures. Described are the fundamental capabilities and operation of the CDMA radio channel including channel coding, modulation types, variable speech coding, precise power control, and soft handoff. You will learn how each CDMA radio channels has 64 channel codes and that some of these are used for signaling (control channels) and others are used for user traffic (voice and data). Because the needs of voice and data communication are different, you will discover that the CDMA system essentially separates circuit switched (primarily voice) and packet switched (primarily data) services. Described are key functional sections of a CDMA network components and how they communicate with each other. You will learn how and why IS-95 CDMA is evolving into 3rd generation broadband systems including EVDO, EVDV, and CDMA2000
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